Disclosed are an optical tracking system capable of tracking by detecting an accurate position and direction of a target object regardless of the distance to a target object to be measured and a tracking method using the same.The optical tracking system and the tracking method using the same, which are capable of tracking by detecting accurate spatial position and direction of a target object to be measured, regardless of the distance to the target object, and thus an applicable area is remarkably expanded and equipment can be miniaturized through a remarkable size-reduction of a marker unit when compared to conventional markers.