Disclosed are a method and a device for matching 3D data. The method for matching 3D data comprises the steps of: 2D converting a first 3D data representing a surface of a 3D model of a target to generate a first 2D data; 2D converting a second 3D data representing at least a part of the 3D surface of the target to generate a second 2D data; matching the second 2D data with the first 2D data to determine a first matching area on the first 2D data and a second matching area on the second 2D data, respectively; setting a plurality of points in the first 3D data corresponding to the first matching area and a plurality of points in the second 3D data corresponding to the second matching area as an initial location; and using the initial location to match the first 3D data and the second 3D data. According to the method and the device for matching 3D data, it is possible to increase the accuracy and efficiency of data matching by setting an initial location for matching on 3D data based on 2D data converted from the 3D data.